The Canadian Health Care System Essay - 1842 Words

According to an overview of Canadian poll surveying public opinion on their universal health care system, 88% of Canadians reported their value for a strong, national, and publically funded health system (Mendelsohn, 2002). Canada is one of the four nations that provide their populations with access to medical services through their universal health care system of 1984 (Bodenheimer Grumbach, 2008). The Canadian health care system is unique in that it prohibits the private health insurance coverage for the fundamental services that are provided by the Canada Health Act; private insurance can be used as a supplement for services that are either partially covered or not covered under the universal health insurance (Steinbrook, 2006). Conversely, in the American health care system there isn’t a universal health coverage for the nation, but rather four different means of paying for health care which includes patient paying out of pocket for individual payments, individual private insurance, employment-based health insurance, and governmental supporting funding (Bodenheimer Grumbach, 2008). The Canadian government-financed health system is a public, single payer health care system that is funded partially by federal government and the rest is funded by provincial taxes such as income taxes, payroll taxes, and sales taxes (Bodenheimer Grumbach, 2008). Federal taxes had accounted for 50% of financing for health care services during the 1970s; however, this had decreased toShow MoreRelatedThe Canadian Health Care System1111 Words   |  5 PagesThe Canadian health care system is often touted as a better health care system compared to the way the United States administers health care since the two neighboring nations appear to be economically and socially similar. The U. S. and Canada have extensive health care systems for it citizens but each country has different methods to financing health care. Health care in Canada is funded at both the provincial and federal levels while the U.S. health care system funded by a combination of publicRead MoreThe Canadian Health Care S ystem1226 Words   |  5 Pagesthat â€Å"The 1983 Canada Health Act replaced the 1947 Hospital Insurance and Diagnostic Services act because of the shift from a system of 50-50 federal-provincial cost sharing to a system of block funding established in Ottawa in 1977† (Fierlbeck 2011, pg.20). Until the period of the mid 1980’s, the Canadian health care system is to be categorized in a disarray, having no foundation to components and accomplishment. The system is to rely mainly on cost sharing; whereby in a health insurance policy onlyRead MoreThe Canadian Health Care System Essay1191 Words   |  5 PagesA Poisoned System While many may argue that the Canadian health care system provides equal treatment to every Canadian, evidence shows that this is not the case. There are major discrepancies within the system regarding Indigenous people that need to be addressed including several factors such as: housing issues, stereotypes Aboriginals face and the lack of Aboriginal doctors. Colonialism has contributed to multiple issues in the lives of Aboriginal people including inadequate housing and cleanRead MoreThe Canadian Health Care System2066 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction to the issue (e.g. problem, dilemma, concern); include a thesis statement. The Canadian health care system is certainly unique in its features†¦. Despite, the fact that the Canadian health care system is one of the most evolved in the world, it lacks a sense of an efficiency effective mission, in which would improve the quality and accessibility of health care in the management perspective. In this paper we will analyze current ineffective practices, and alternate methods; in regardsRead MoreThe Canadian Health Care System1306 Words   |  6 PagesThe Canadian healthcare system is currently ranked in the top 11 OECD countries making the Canadian healthcare system one of the best in the world, although like all perfect systems, there are always uncovered flaws within. When examining certain attributes and traits within the system, such as accessibility and the general quality of healthcare performance is considered to be low ranking amongst international practices, thus improvements are needed. More importantly, the Canadian health care systemRead Mor eThe Canadian Health Care System1527 Words   |  7 Pagesfor having high standards of health care with free access to all citizens. Despite this being a widely held idea, the reality is that marginalized groups are not experiencing the same standards of health care as other Canadian Citizens. Despite the fact that some researchers say racialization does not play a factor in the level of health care received by people (Guilfoyle 1512), Indigenous Peoples in Canada do not have equal access to the Canadian health care system due to the problems arising fromRead MoreCanadian Health Care System887 Words   |  4 Pageswas not until 1946 that the first Canadian province introduced near universal health coverage. Saskatchewan had long suffered a shortage of doctors, leading to the creation of municipal doctor programs in the early twentieth century in which a town would subsidize a doctor to practice there. Soon after, groups of communities joined to open union hospitals under a similar model. There had thus been a long history of government involvement in Saskatchewan health care, and a significant section of itRead MoreThe Canadian Health Care System1694 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction The Canadian health care system fosters universal and comprehensive access to essential health care services (Flood, 2004). However, there have been debates on what services are necessary as espoused in the Canada Health Act (Caulfield, 1996; Caulfield Zarzeczny, 2014; Charles, Lomas, Giacomini, 1997). Although there are similarities among provinces in terms of core services covered under publicly funded medical care, some variability still exists across provinces (Charles et alRead MoreThe Canadian Health Care System1531 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Emergency departments are considered an important aspect of the health care system. For many years, wait times have been an area of concern for many Canadians and remain a significant issue. One of the major concerns within the Canadian health care system is the amount of time spent as waiting time in the healthcare services. Wait times are the length of time from when the patient is triaged and registered, to when the patient leaves from the emergency room (Affleck, Parks, DrummondRead MoreThe Canadian Health Care System1849 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction â€Å"Medicare is a Canadian success story. Not perfect, but good enough to be envied by much of the world.† — H.L. Mencken The birth of Medicare was in Saskatchewan on July 1, 1962. Medicare was the first government controlled, comprehensive, universal single payer medical insurance plan in Canada. Many insurance industries and all the medical institutions were against the idea of having Medicare. They feared that Medicare will become popular and will spread across the globe. Once

Same Sex Marriage in the Philippines - 2330 Words

PRO Gay Marriage Same-sex couples should be allowed to publicly celebrate their commitment in the same way as heterosexual couples. [40] The Human Rights Campaign Foundation states that many same-sex couples want the right to legally marry [and] honor their relationship in the greatest way our society has to offer... Same-sex couples should have access to the same benefits enjoyed by heterosexual married couples. Many benefits are only available to married couples, such as hospital visitation during an illness, taxation and inheritance rights, access to family health coverage, and protection in the event of the relationship ending. [6] An Oct. 2, 2009 analysis by the New York Times estimates that a same-sex couple denied marriage†¦show more content†¦[5] The American Psychological Association, American Psychiatric Association, and others wrote in a Sep. 2007 amicus brief, ...allowing same-sex couples to marry would give them access to the social support that already facilitates and strengthens heterosexual marriages, with all of the psychological and physical health benefits associated with that support.† [47] A 2010 analysis published in the American Journal of Public Health found that after their states had banned gay marriage, gay, lesbian and bisexual people suffered a 37% incr ease in mood disorders, a 42% increase in alcohol-use disorders, and a 248% increase in generalized anxiety disorders. [69] Legalizing gay marriage will not harm heterosexual marriages or family values, and society will continue to function successfully. A study published on Apr. 13, 2009 in Social Science Quarterly found that [l]aws permitting same-sex marriage or civil unions have no adverse effect on marriage, divorce, and abortion rates, [or] the percent of children born out of wedlock... [48] The Executive Board of the American Anthropological Association found that more than a century of research has shown no support whatsoever for the view that either civilization or viable social orders depend upon marriage as an exclusively heterosexual institution. Rather, anthropological research supports the conclusion that a vast array of familyShow MoreRelatedSame Sex Marriage in the Philippines1931 Words   |  8 PagesSayre Highway, Valencia City Bukidnon SAME SEX MARRIAGE IN THE PHILIPPINES: A CALL FOR ARGUMENT A TERM PAPER SUBMTTED TO EXILE, SOPHIA GOLDA, IN FULLFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE COURSE COMMUNICATION SKILLS 2 BY: GLYDELLE O. LO CHERRY JOY A. MEJOS CLIFF EVANDER FORCADO March, 2013 Abstract Since 2001 it has been possible in the Netherlands for two men or two women to marry. There are certain differences, however, between same-sex marriage and marriage between a man and a woman. In 2001,Read MoreSame Sex Marriage Affirmative Side1556 Words   |  7 PagesThat Same Sex Marriage Should be Legalized in the Philippines (Positive) Premises 1.) To exercise freedom of choice. 2.) To control population. 3.) To have an opportunity to adopt children from orphanage. 4.) To practice human rights. 5.) To prevent HIV disease. INTRODUCTION Same sex marriage is known as a marriage between two persons of the same biological sex or gender . It is one of the most controversial yet sensitive topics that have been discuss around the world. Politicians are havingRead MoreHow Does Lgbt Culture Fall In Our Society Today And At1143 Words   |  5 Pagesthe Philippines we classify them as tomboy, bakla and etc. Another social issue is about legalizing same sex marriage in the Philippines. Countries like the Netherlands, Colombia, and other countries that legalize same sex marriage. Sure this is from opinions of other countries about legalizing this issue that’s the reason why some countries think that same sex marriage should not be legalize in their country. For example the US had troubles getting all of their states to legalize same sex marriageRead MoreArgumentative Essay About Same Sex Marriage822 Words   |  4 Pagesabout the argument of same sex marriage. The contents are: meaning, brief background and thesis s tatement for the Introduction; for the Body of the discussion is the counter argument; and for the conclusion part: the summary and the restatement of the thesis statement. Same Sex Marriage also known as  gay marriage  or  equal marriage it is marriage between two persons of the same  biological sex  or  gender identity. In the 20th and 21st centuries various types of same-sex unions have come toRead MoreLegalization Of Same Sex Marriage Essay963 Words   |  4 PagesShannelle Romuar Alfritz Arevalo Angelika Figueroa Legalization of Same-Sex Marriage I. Introduction Same-sex marriage can also be called gay marriage. This is a marriage between two males or two females, in either a religious setting or in a civil ceremony. Same-sex unions are recorded in the history of a number of cultures but this type of marriage is rare, or doesn’t exist in other cultures .The first law that provided same-sex marriage for the people was in 2001 in the Netherlands. As of July 2015Read Moreno to same-sex marriage!894 Words   |  4 Pageseverything builds up. I Corinthians 10:23 Against Same Sex Marriage - The Six Point Case Each of these six points against same sex marriage will be explained in detail in the following articles. Click on each link for more explanation. Natural marriage is the foundation of a civilized society. Homosexual behavior is inherently destructive. The law is a great teacher, and it encourages or discourages behavior. Government-backed same-sex marriage would encourage and normalize homosexual behaviorRead MoreSame Sex Marriage1152 Words   |  5 PagesBiological Sex-Marriage: â€Å"An Alteration to Humanity† Submitted by: Ellicia Jiona Candelaria Submitted to: Mrs. Joan Bataclan ABSTRACT Biological Sex-Marriage: â€Å"An Alteration to Humanity† This study describes the advantages and also the disadvantages of couples of the same sex being married. It aims to explore how it affects the society and most importantly the church. Same-sex marriage, popularly known as gay marriage, is a socially or legally reorganized wedlock between two persons of similarRead MoreSame-sex Marriage and Foreign Literature2367 Words   |  10 Pageseffects of legalizing same-sex marriage in the Philippines and to support gays and lesbian people in their rights. The study will be supported by some research materials. I. Historical Background Here is the short research about Same Sex Marriage regarding both foreign and local literature. A. Short History 1. Foreign Literature The foreign literature contains the views of other countries in legalizing Same Sex Marriage and benefits. Providing same-sex couples with the same legal and social recognitionRead MoreHawkins, Ronald E. (1991) Strengthening Marital Intimacy, Grand Rapids, Mi: Baker Book House.1698 Words   |  7 Pageselements of what it takes to have a Biblically sound intimate and committed marriage. In Strengthening Marital Intimacy (1991), he has captured the two foundational truths, intimacy and commitment, makes a good marriage into a great marriage. It is not enough to know the Word of God intellectually there must be a real surrendering to the sovereign will of God. To do it will transform a life of commitment to God and to the marriage. The key concepts presented in this book cover marital intimacy, commitmentRead MoreLegalization of Same Sex Marriage9779 Words   |  40 PagesTHE LEGALIZATION OF SAME SEX MARRIAGE AS ASSESED BY CITHM STUDENTS S.Y. 2011-2012 A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of the College of International Tourism And Hospitality Management LYCEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES UNIVERSITY In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Tourism By Ang, Dianne Marie M. Bayot, Donalynne B. October 2011 CHAPTER 1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND INTRODUCTION    In our generation today, homosexuals

Effects of Samsung Free Essays

Describe the development of the company over time (including its origin) and provide information on range of products and activities† From its inception as a small export business in Taegu, Korea, Samsung has grown to become one of the world’s leading electronics companies, specializing in digital appliances and media, semiconductors, memory, and system integration. Today Samsung’s innovative and top quality products and processes are world recognized. 1938-1957 Samsung’s beginning: In 1938 the Samsung’s founder Byung-Chull Lee set up a trade export company in Korea, selling fish, vegetables, and fruit to China. We will write a custom essay sample on Effects of Samsung or any similar topic only for you Order Now Within a decade Samusng had flour mills and confectionary machines and became a co-operation in 1951. 1958-1979 Diversifying in Industries and Electronics: From 1958 onwards, Samsung began to expand into other industries such as financial, media, chemicals and ship building throughout the 1970’s. Soon after, Samsung created its own electronic appliances. 1980-1989 Entering the global marketplace During the late 1970s and early 1980s, Samsung diversified and expanded globally. The company started building bigger manufacturing plants for its appliances and electronics from 1982 to1987 in New York, England and Portugal. 990-1999 Becoming a Global Force In the mid-1990s, 17 different products climbed into the ranks of the top-five products for global market share in their respective areas. Despite the 1997 financial crisis that affected nearly all Korean businesses, Samsung was one of few companies that continued growing. 2000-Present Pioneering the Digital Age Now, Samsung is per fectly positioned as one of the world’s recognized leaders in the digital technology industry, and they has won the No. 1 global market share for 13 of their products, including semiconductors, and CDMA mobile phones. Samsung Electronics Samsung Electronics was created in 1969, products include televisions and many other kinds of home appliances, telecommunications equipment, and computers. Its most important product is semiconductors. Semiconductors Lee had determined in the mid-1970s that high-tech electronics was the growth industry of the future, he formed Samsung Semiconductor and Telecommunications Co. in 1978. Utilizing its newly acquired knowledge, Samsung became the first Korean manufacturer of low-cost, relatively low-tech, 64-kilobit dynamic random access memory (DRAM) chips. Telecommunications Samsung first time offering was a car Phone in 1986, but it have poor reception and low sales. In 1993, a turning point came in company when it released the SH-700 series. Mobile of this Series have sleeker design and better sound quality, with a better product, Samsung reclaim more than half the mobile phone market share in Korea. Samsung cell phones found its way into American hands for the first time in 1996. A few years later, South America and Japan were enjoying the high-end design of Samsung Mobile phones. In early 2009, Samsung Mobile’s global market share stood at more than 17 percent, second only to Nokia. How to cite Effects of Samsung, Papers

Management An Environmental Analysis on the Company NTUC

Question: Case Study on PESTEL Analysis of NTUC FairPrice Co-operative? Answer: 1. Introduction Successful businesses owe their superior performance to their ability to control certain aspects of their internal environment factors. But apart from a companys internal resources, there are certain macro-economic factors governing the external environment of the company that have profound impact on the companys performance. The purpose of this report is to perform an environmental analysis on the company NTUC FairPrice Co-operative, the largest supermarket chain in Singapore. Does The Intricacy of The Topic Intimidate You? Tame Your Fear with Unmatched Assignment Help Services from Professional Writers. 2. Company Background To be Singapores leading world-class retailer with a heart This is the vision of FairPrice. The NTUC FairPrice Co-Operative is a co-operative of the National Trades Union Congress (NTUC). The firm founded in 1973, has the most market share and has a strong presence across various grocery channels; FairPrice and FairPrice finest for supermarkets, FairPrice Xtra for hypermarkets and FairPrice Xpress and Cheers for convenient stores. The USP of the store is the offer of a fair price for all its products, the primary targets being the low and middle income consumers. As of now the company has around 270 outlets country wide of which Cheers has 123 outlets and FairPrice Xpress has 24 outlets and annual sales of around 2000 million U.S. Dollars. They deal with a wider range of products including bakery, alcoholic beverages, dairy, snacks, drinks, sea foods, deli, frozen foods, pharmacy, meat and poultry, general merchandise, grocery and so on. The company also has internet retailing facility for the convenience of their consumers. 3. Country Background Singapore was founded in 1819 as a British trading colony. In 1965 the country became independent after separating from the two years association with the Malaysian Federation. Singapore then went on to become one of the worlds leading countries with strong international ties and trades and per capita GDP on par with the western countries. Singapores economy is the second freest in the world according to the 2014 economy index. Minimum tolerance for corruption, strong judicial laws, and competitive financial sectors has ensured continual economic growth and development in the country. Singapores food and retail industry is a significant component of the countrys growing economy. The country has several locally established industries while playing host to a number of international enterprises as well. The world-class infrastructure, strong governance, high quality standards, location, ease of business and skilled work force are all factors that could Singapore the next food hub of the world. 4. External Environment Analysis on the company In the proper functioning of a company, and in situations like new product launch ideas and new ventures, apart from analysing the internal factors or the micro-economic factors such as resources, finance, and human capital, leadership, culture inside a company and the structure of a company, a company is required to analyse the macro-economic factors that will influence their strategic planning. The PESTEL analysis is the most common tool employed for assessing these factors (Yksel, 2012). Through PESTEL analysis, this report attempts to identify the NTUC FairPrices business environment and help them in adapting to the actualities of their business environment. The advantage of this analysis is that it helps minimize the threats and maximize profit. The six categorized factors according to PESTEL analysis are are described below. The first letter of each word is combined to form the word PESTEL. PESTEL Analysis 4.1 Political Factors Political factors concerns with the degree of government interference in a countrys economy. These specifically include tax policy, tariffs, trade restrictions, labour law, and political stability (virblis Zinkevi ite, 2008). Singapore is a country world renowned for its high-quality governance holding one of Asias most efficient governments. The political conditions in the country are favourable to NTUC FairPrice and in planning a new venture, the political risk on investments is very low. 4.2 Economic Factors Economic factors include economic growth of the country the business is based in, inflation rates, interest and exchange rates and have major impact in the operation of any business. Interest rates impact a firms capital cost and directly impacts the growth and expansion of the company. And exchange rates affect the export and import of a company. It is one of worlds leading economies and has a GDP per capita of around 45,000 USD (approximate value) and GNI per capita of around 40,000 USD (approx.). Thus, an average citizen in Singapore has higher average income and standard of living when compared to the rest of the world. Singapore is a highly trade dependent economy. The country imports ninety percent of its food. And it was one of the economies in Asia to have strongest recovery from the global economic crisis of 2008 but it is not the case for rest of Asia and other countries the country deals with. This has an impact on the economy growth of the country, with the export rate coming down. The labour market in Singapore rose to a new high in the recent years owing to its strong recovery from the crisis, with an unemployment rate of only two percent throughout 2014. Singapore is the seventh most motivated labour force in the world and has the fifth most skilled work force in Asia (Pagell Krause, 2004). 4.3 Social Factors Social factors affecting the external environment of a company are population growth, age distribution, career and income distribution, health and cultural aspects. Singapore is a country with a population of only about 5.47 million (as of June 2014). One of the growing concerns about the country is its declining population growth since the birth rate has declined drastically over the last decade. But these schemes still havent helped in increasing the population of the country. The literacy rate in Singapore is very high around 92.5% which indicates that most Singapore residents have higher or secondary education. Singapore is the worlds largest social media market according to a recent market survey. With the advent of technology, evolution of smart phones and availability of twenty four hour internet services social media market is used by people for a variety of purposes. This opens an opportunity for business to create brand awareness and market their products via the social media for better reach to the people. Several companies in Singapore have taken to social media marketing through Facebook and Twitter. With regard to NTUC FairPrice, the social factors can have both positive and slightly negative impact. Also the shift towards healthier lifestyle may influence people to avoid frozen foods, and other unhealthy products. But overall the companys prospects arent too affected by the social factors. 4.4 Technological Factors The technological factors include aspects such as automation, research and development, and rate of technological advancement of a country. The government of Singapore has invested heavily on the RD activities in the country and there are lot of highly trained scientific personnel operating in the country (Koberg, Detienne Heppard, 2003). The nations iN2015 plan was devised by the government to help the country realise the potential of information and communication technology. 4.5 Environmental Factors Environmental factors include climatic changes, weather, natural disasters and epidemics. The countrys local climate has an influence on the type of food people prefer. In case of natural disasters, in the country or in any of the countries the company has trade relations, will affect the export and import. For example after the earthquake and Tsunami in Japan, the export of sea food and other produces from the country had stopped until the nation recovered from the damage. This may cause people to stay clear of Japanese food fearing risk to health affecting the Japanese food market (Yuksel and Dagdeviran, 2007). Similarly with the outbreak of a particular disease caused by food products, people tend to fear and stay away from those products. For example, during the bird flu outbreak, the chicken consumption in the world was affected since people steered away from buying chicken. The Government of Singapore has strict rules for their local poultry producers and the importers of poultry. All food products are tested for their high quality and only then sold in the supermarkets since meat, poultry, sea food etc. are all vulnerable food prone to diseases. NTUC FairPrices reputation as one of the retail chains with the highest quality may be beneficial to them at these times because consumers would then look for safe choices. NTUC FairPrices highly reputed pharmacy services also remain unaffected by these factors. 4.6 Legal Factors Legal factors include law and order in the country. The taxes in a country, the consumer law, discrimination law, labour law and other laws in a country affect how a company operates. Singapore is a country with one of the lowest tax rates in Asia. Singapore is a part of ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations), a ten country association. Also, Singapore has been named as the best country to do business in by the World Bank. The easy process of setting up and closing a business, paying of taxes, investors security are the factors that led to the name. 5. Porters five forces Another tool used to analyse the macro-economic factors is the Porters five forces tool which identifies Supplier power, Potential entrants, Industry rivalry, Buyer power and threat of substitutes as the five forces affecting the environment of a business. It provides the company with a view on where the power is in the location the company is planning to move to and also the business potentials. This analysis gives a clear view on how a company can exploit its strengths and improve on weakness to experience continual growth (Daft, Sormunen Parks, 1988). 5.1 Competitor Analysis (Industry rivalry) As far as NTUC FairPrice is concerned, the main competitors include Sheng Shiong Supermarket which also targets low income consumers (their trade mostly done with China) and Dairy Farm International which caters to middle and upper income consumers. Both these companies trail behind NTUC FairPrice in market share. But in order to stay ahead of competition at all times, NTUC Fairprice must constantly improvise on their services and introduce new services. 5.2 Buyer Power Options for purchasing food are galore in Singapore. As previously mentioned, Singapore is country that imports ninety percent of its food requirements. Therefore the country has numerous supermarkets and convenience stores all over the country. NTUC needs to be careful about this in planning new ventures. 5.3 Supplier Power Considering the numerous number of suppliers ready to supply items in Singapore, the power of suppliers is significantly lower. And NTUC FairPrice is not dependent on a single supplier for their business. For any business it is necessary that the firm maintain good relationship with the suppliers but if necessary it is possible for NTUC to acquire products of equal quality from other suppliers. 5.4 Potential Entrants Since Singapore is an easy country to start business in new companies come up every day. The highly pro-business environment makes potential entry of new businesses a valuable threat. But according to reports, the availability of high quality sales and marketing people is lower in the food and retail industry. And since the quality of products expected in this industry is very high, established businesses such as NTUC FairPrice hold a fair amount of competitive advantage over potential entrants. 5.5 Threat of substitutes Threat of substitutes is quite high in this industry as far as Singapore is concerned. Several stores in Singapore offer the same products offered in NTUC FairPrice. Competitors like Cold Storage, Dairy farm international are valuable substitutes. In order to keep ahead of these threats NTUS FairPrice must offer unique products with lesser substitutes to maintain the customer base. Table 1: PESTEL Analysis of NTUC FairPrice Political Singapore is ranked as one of the least corrupt nations in Asia and is a world-leader in making consistent political policies and renowned for political stability. Therefore, the political risks on investments are very low for NTUC FairPrices existing as well as new outlets. Economical Singapore is one of those leading economies in the world with stability and growth. The unemployment rate is very low in the country and the average income higher than most countries. In addition high exchange rates all work in favour of NTUC FairPrices business ventures. Social The declining population growth in Singapore puts pressure on the labour market. But the literacy rates are high in the country and with their flexible immigration policy Singapore has the highest number of foreign workers working in their country. This could affect NTUC significantly. Technological The government of Singapore has invested heavily on the RD activities in the country and there are lot of highly trained scientific personnel operating in the country (Koberg, Detienne Heppard, 2003). Highly developed technological society in Singapore makes marketing possibilities easy for NTUC FairPrice in their business growth. Environmental Environmental factors are out of human beings control. The occurrence of a natural calamity in Singapore or elsewhere in the world, outbreak of an epidemic concerning meat, poultry and fishes which are vulnerable can affect NTUCs food industry since Singapore imports around ninety percent of its food. The environmental factors have an huge impact on their business. Legal Singapore is a country with one of the lowest tax rates in Asia. Also Singapores free trade agreement with countries all over the world has led to decrease in investment barriers. Singapore has been named as the best country to do business in by the World Bank. Therefore, the legal factors are also in favour of NTUCs business ventures. Strategic Recommendations Singapore has a mature food and retail industry and NTUS FairPrice must be vigilant when it comes to competition. In order to keep up with their success they need to constantly supply products that are highly on demand and also come up with unique and creative ideas to keep ahead of the competition. It is recommended that NTUC FairPrice keep in mind the health of their consumers and continuously provide with products of high nutritious value and also recommendations on everyday diets that is beneficial. Creating a Page in Facebook, twitter will help increase brand awareness. It is also recommended that the company improvise on their online buying facility and make buying simpler. One way to attract online customers is the fast delivery of fresh food. In rapidly growing online shopping age which saves time of working people this will prove to be very beneficial for NTUC FairPrice. In planning new ventures, NTUC FairPrice can choose locations that are central to a large population. New outlets in shopping malls provides with new customer base. It is also important to ensure that the employees are well trained, have knowledge about the products that are being sold and are customer friendly. Applying these recommendations can help strengthen NTUC FairPrices business prospects. Conclusion Qualitative analysis conducted in analysing macro environmental factors shows that political, technological, legal and economic factors have the most favourable influence on the performance of NTUC FairPrice. And, the least favourable of factors being environmental factors. The companies that continually scan their business environment for strategic uncertainty by frequently conducting these analyses tend to be high-performing companies when compared to their counterparts (Mason, 2007). References 1. Koberg, C., Detienne, D., Heppard, K. (2003). An empirical test of environmental, organizational, and process factors affecting incremental and radical innovation. The Journal Of High Technology Management Research, 14(1), 21-45. doi:10.1016/s1047-8310(03)00003-82. Daft, R., Sormunen, J., Parks, D. (1988). Chief executive scanning, environmental characteristics and company performance: An empirical study. Strat. Mgmt. J., 9(2), 123-139. doi:10.1002/smj.42500902043. Mason, R. (2007). The external environment's effect on management and strategy. Management Decision, 45(1), 10-28. doi:10.1108/00251740710718935 4. Pagell, M., Krause, D. (2004). Re-exploring the relationship between flexibility and the external environment. Journal of Operations Management, 21(6), 629-649. doi:10.1016/j.jom.2003.11.002 5. Yksel, ., Dadeviren, M. (2010). Using the fuzzy analytic network process (ANP) for Balanced Scorecard (BSC): A case study for a manufacturing firm. Expert Systems with Applications, 37, 1270-1278. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2009.06.002 6. ksel, I. (2012). Developing a Multi-Criteria Decision Making Model for PESTEL Analysis. IJBM, 7(24). doi:10.5539/ijbm.v7n24p52 7. Cheng, E. W. L., Li, H. (2007). Application of ANP in process models: An example of strategic partnering. Building and Environment, 42, 278-287. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2005.07.031 8. virblis, A., Zinkevi ite, V. (2008). The integrated evaluation of the macro environment of companies providing transport services. Transport, 23(3), 266-272. doi:10.3846/1648-4142.2008.23.266-272 9. Yksel, ., Dadeviren, M. (2007). Using the analytic network process (ANP) in a SWOT analysis A case study for a textile firm. Information Sciences, 177, 3364-3382. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ins.2007.01.001 10. Shilei, L., Yong, W. (2009). Target-oriented obstacle analysis by PESTEL modeling of energy efficiency retrofit for existing residential buildings in Chinas northern heating region. Energy Policy, 37, 2098-2101. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2008.11.039

ELPS General Essays Flashcard

ELPS General Essays

Employee selection and training

Employee selection and training The role of industrial/organizational psychology in selecting and training employees Industrial psychology refers to the application of psychological concepts in solving problems in the workplace. In most cases such a process entails coming up with solutions to problems associated with performance of employees in addition to dealing with other organizational concerns. Industrial psychology also concentrates on conducting studies on different sets of behavior expressed in an organization as seen in the nature of interactions between workers and management.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Employee selection and training specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Psychology can be applied in an organization’s training programs through identification of causes of internal conflicts and the solutions to such conflicts. Evaluating and developing techniques for employee selection and appraisal techniques can be achiev ed using industrial psychology. A psychologist helps in designing a selection and training program for an organization through assessing corporate leadership skills and strategies for employee motivation (Stone and Mark 1997). A number of surveys have been carried out to determine the use of industrial/ organization psychology in the U.S. it is established that the use of psychologists in private companies, government organizations and agencies is on the rise. It has also been established that large organizations are the major users of the concepts in organizational psychology as evident in General Motors Corp, PepsiCo, Inc, IBM, ATT among others. They have at least one psychologist working with them. A number of companies seek psychology consultants for assistance instead of hiring psychologists. The government is known to employ psychologists. An example is evident in the federal office of Personnel Management which has a numerous psychologists working with them. The military also has employed psychologists to work with them an example being in the U.S. Army Research institute. In all these organizations, the psychologists mostly work in the areas of performance appraisal, personnel selection, organizational and leadership psychology. After analyzing an organizations problem, a psychologist employs different techniques to address the problem and suggest possible solutions. An example of such a technique is the use of engineering psychology. This technique addresses the human problems in an organization by using design in an organization’s machinery which in most cases takes into account human limitations. This is evident in the large American corporations whose sole objective is to make profit. The ethical concerns evident in such a process is changing employee’s perception to be more in line with profit making thus a diversion from a number of moral concepts (Malhotra 2007).Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Another technique used is personnel psychology as evident in the military. This technique concentrates on the differences between individuals. In the long run it deals with specifics of selection and recruitment. The ethical concern is evident in the ability of such a process to alter the goals and ideologies of the personnel to be in line with those of the nation. Motivation and leadership is a commonly used technique in non military sectors of government as evident in government departments. The legal concern is that such a process is not grounded on law. The utility of the scientific selection of employees Experts in the field suggest that in order to select and hire the best employees, a hiring strategy that is scientifically based should be used. These strategies deliver appropriate results if properly implemented. These strategies ensure that an organization creates a job benchmark that is reliable especially in terms of statistics. Another advantage of using the scientific based employee selection strategy is that an organization implements an un-biased employee selection program. Selecting and hiring the best talent available in the field is an added advantage that this strategy promises. It is worth noting that if such a strategy is used, an organization’s performance is likely to improve. In the process an organization is likely to reduce its employee turnover which usually arises from employees who do not qualify for certain tasks. Another important factor in the exercise of selecting and training employees scientifically is putting in place a strategy that accurately determines the best investment ventures. To attain favorable results on such investments it is appropriate to highlight specific job requirements. It is also important that an organization conforms to a training program that will bring about overall improvement in performance. It is advis able that an organization identifies growth opportunities in an effort to meet societal needs. This can be achieved through the use of personality instruments that are powerful enough to detect an individual’s needs. After this process, an organization formulates a customized strategy geared towards managing an employee’s talent.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Employee selection and training specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More There are cases where scientific selection and training of workers can not be applied as is the case when an assumption is made concerning the presence of a capitalist system which in turn leads to an automatic increase in profits and efficiency of workers. It is however possible to employ scientific selection technique in an organization where there is a clear definition of authority and task specialization (Malhotra 2007). References Malhotra, N. (2007). Review of Market ing Research. New York, NY: M.E. Sharpe Stone, P. Mark, C. (1997). Organizational Psychology. Brookfield, VT: Ashgate

Mass human rights violations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Mass human rights violations - Essay Example The concept of human rights and its application has seen tremendous expansion at the end of the 20th century1. The Universal Declaration of Human rights is an existing phenomenon in the global forefront for almost 50 years2. Majority of the people in almost all the countries in the world conceive that human rights are associated with the attributes of optimal protection and respect. Thinking in a most elementary dimension, human right can be regarded as the right of each individual for staying in the surroundings where he or she finds every opportunity in developing, living, working, relaxing, finding out various things for themselves and also be with other people, marry people of any ethnicities, rear their children and so on3. International laws have been formulated as well as implemented on an all round and global basis so that the human rights do not get violated 4and that all the individuals are treated on an unbiased yardstick of judgment in accordance with the international la w of human rights made by the International Courts. Despite that, it has been found that even after formulation of the human rights convention there has been a wide scale violation of human rights in an around many nations of the world5. It has also been argued that individual state policies of human right violation in various countries overshadow the application of international law and thus the weaknesses of international law in providing fruitful remedies is questioned to quite a robust extent6. In this paper, the discussion will be centered on the explanation of human rights laws provided by the international courts and they will be discussed in accordance with the case studies from different countries and the analysis will be directed towards the notion that whether the international law offer effective remedy in areas where the government of a state chooses in committing mass human rights violation within their own borders. Now, the subsequent section will discuss the notion o f human rights and provision of human rights within the international legal dimension. II. Human Rights 1. Basic facts In a nutshell, the definition of human rights can be stated as â€Å"the rights of human beings to live according to their nature and with other human beings†7. In the second half of the twentieth century various international standards were formulated and they became accepted on a wide basis over various nations of the world. 2. Human rights in international law During 1993, the United Nations World conference confirmed their commitment in association with established norms of human rights8. There have been various initiatives undertaken at international, regional as well as national levels for the protection of human rights. Individuals possess the rights to bring various human rights complaints before the regional courts for addressing their issues. The victims may have their cases heard before international governmental organizations but the national cour ts are in the current scenario are applying regional as well as international human rights standards. But unfortunately, it can be stated that practices of the states throughout the second half of the 20th century have shown many several evidences of violation of human rights on a wide scale basis. The violations which have occurred has taken a massive scale and they have been brutal in nature with infringement on â€Å"the right of life, physical and mental integrity and individual freedom† 9 In 1967, the United Nations classified the violations as gross human right violations of human rights. The phenomenon of gross violation of human rights is not a recent phenomenon. Since the period of 1945, estimations state that more people have perished as a consequence of gross human violation. Empirical evidences also reveal that the phenomenon of g

Investigation of the conventions of behavior that governed aristocrats Essay - 1

Investigation of the conventions of behavior that governed aristocrats at a symposium and those of marginals as well as the conventions of thought that characte - Essay Example This is a thesis proposal that seeks to investigate whether such norms were really prevailing or not among those considered within the paper’s scope, the last being small and limited. The cynics of ancient Greece traced back their roots to Socrates though one of his pupils, Antisthenes (Hock, Undated). Nevertheless, it is confirmed that the actual propounder of this school of philosophy is one Diogenes of Sinope (404-323 B.C.) (Hock, Undated). From Diogenes Laertius it is known that Diogenes fled to Athens when his father, a banker, started adulterating money. There he met with Antisthenes and inducted some of the philosophical thought his teacher was heir to from Socrates. Thereafter he started leading what the cynics construe as a truly virtuous life – doubling up his cloak, carrying a begging bag for his food and eating and conversing wherever he could (Hock, Undated). He believed that ‘the minimum is the optimum’ – the cynic philosophy put in a nutshell (Hock, Undated). This may be taken as a very brief introduction to cynicism and a lengthier version of the background to cynicism will become available later in the paper. Hereafter the paper shall contrive to use some incidents or anecdotes, called chreiai in Greek, from Diogenes’ own life and some from his close disciple Crates (358-290 B.C.) (Hock, Undated) to bring out the essence of this thesis proposal. It shall also use some supplementary texts to do this. The essence of cynicism is that the minimum of life is the optimum to live with (Hock, Undated). The extent to which the initiators – Diogenes and his students such as Crates – involved their personal lives with this minimalist philosophical precept is evidenced from their rigorously frugal life-styles. Diogenes even forsook the perusal of his drinking cup, which he took out of his begging bag and threw away, when he saw a boy drinking water with his bare hands

A Quantitative Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

A Quantitative Analysis - Essay Example In addition, it also markets products meant for kids, and even other athletic and recreational uses, such as baseball, cricket, lacrosse, outdoor activities, tennis, volleyball, walking, and wrestling. To add on, it sells sports clothing and accessories. Lastly, it sells a series of performance equipment, including bags, socks, sports balls, eyewear, timepieces, digital devices, bats, gloves and other protective equipment (Miller, 1992). The sources of market for the company include various strategic stores for the already mentioned activities. However, there exist other retail accounts through the enterprise owned retail stores and Websites of the Internet, who are very direct to consumers (Ramaswamy, 2008). It is comparatively important to mention that the Nike company was formed in 1964 and that the headquarter in Beaverton, Oregon. This report gives the most recent quantitative analysis and goes further to explain the various financial analysis that puts the company ahead in terms of its performance. The investigation has shown that financial results for its fiscal 2015 quarter two ended on November 30, 2014. The quarter results demonstrate that the company is on the growing side and that the power of the portfolio is what unlocks the growth (Parker, 2015). Net working capital involves the discrepancy between the current assets and current liabilities. Examples of current assets are cash and inventories. This can be in the resources this company has not forgetting accounts receivable not yet seen in money form. It is always used to determine the net worth. However, the calculation also involves the current liabilities the company has. It is not the case of Nike Company that has more assets compared to liabilities. In totality as an analyst, in order to make networking capital run smoothly the management structure should be well established so as to know when to lend or buy for the Company success. Based on the financial records below, it clearly depicts

Martin Luther King: Montgomery Bus Boycott

Martin Luther King: Montgomery Bus Boycott In my opinion Martin Luther King was the most significant result of the Montgomery bus boycott. King played a key role in the organisation and leadership of the boycott which ultimately lead to its success. He was the focal point of the boycott; however, there were other factors that contributed to the success of this movement. For example, the successful effort of the 50 000 black population in Montgomery which demonstrated black unity and a new attitude to protest. The strength of the boycott developed from the unity of the black population to boycott the busses. It demonstrated the power and effectiveness of the black community when they worked as one. Martin Luther king actively encouraged the black unity by acting as a role model and an inspiration to many stressing the protest was not to be violent or passive resistance but an active non-violent resistance to evil. The role of King in the boycott was extremely important in keeping the unanimity of the black community, this was the fundamental factor if the blacks were going to win the boycott and challenge the segregation laws. Thus, King was the most significant result of the Montgomery bus boycott. The Montgomery bus boycott also emphasised the importance and the potential of the black economic power. Black shoppers were unable to go downtown without travelling on public buses so businesses owned by the whites lost in excess of one million dollars. This was a turning point for many white business men and resulted in them working against the segregation ordinance. If violent protest was used, which a large proportion of the population wanted, then victories such as this would not have occurred. Therefore Kings strength of leadership and his use of non-violent protest justifies that he was the most significant result of the boycott. The boycott highlighted the significance of organisations such as the NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Coloured People) and the MIA (Montgomery Improvement Association). It showed the continuing effectiveness of these organisations strategies of going through the law courts to pursue equal rights for Black Americans. These particular associations challenged the bus segregation laws by taking them to the district court where they were proved unconstitutional (Browder V. Gayle). Although the district court declared the segregation laws unconstitutional, there was little change in the situation (De jure change) until the supreme court backed the ruling in December 1956. Therefore, the organisations working for the rights of blacks and the Browder V. Gayle Supreme Court ruling were also an extremely significant result of the boycott. In summary, although Martin Luther King had a major impact due to his inspirational leadership and motivational skills, other key factors, such as the ones mentioned above also played n important part and must have recognition. Other individuals involved in the boycott were also important such as Jo Ann Robinson, who decided to challenge the Brown V. Board of Education case by distributing propaganda leaflets to get support from the black population. Rosa Parks also played a big role in the protest; after all she initiated the protests which lead to the boycott which subsequently lead to the bus segregation laws being declared unconstitutional. This proves that although King was arguably the most significant result of the boycott, other individuals also played an important role. The success of the boycott inspired others like Melba Pattillo who volunteered as a guinea pig for the NAACP and church leaders during the Little Rock crisis in 1957. Pattillo volunteered to transfer to the all white high school with eight other black students where they were faced daily harassment from white students. Due to the courage and determination of Melba Pattillo and the other eight black students it proved that the Brown V. Board of Education (whereby it was declared that separate schools were unequal) was a De Jure change as it faced wide spread resistance from the white Americans. This forced President Eisenhower and the authorities to intervene as the constitution seemed threatened. This resulted in Cooper V. Aaron ruling which confirmed that keeping public schools segregated was unconstitutional. Individuals such as Pattillo were therefore a significant result of the boycott and although it brought King to the forefront of the movement there were other significant resu lts which arose from the success of the boycott. The SCLC (Southern Christian Leadership Conference) set up by King in 1957 aimed to improve the black situation in the South which had specific problems. The SCLC was set up to work alongside the NAACP but provide an alternative (direct non violent action) to the NAACPs litigation strategy. The SCLC attracted national attention to racial inequality an example of this is the march in Washington in support of Eisenhowers civil rights bill in May 1957. Therefore Martin Luther King was the most significant result of the Montgomery bus boycott as he also made a positive impact on the situation for black Americans in the South. In conclusion, I agree that Marin Luther King was the most important result of the Montgomery boycott. Kings leadership and motivation inspired the black community to unite and work as one to overcome the bus segregation laws in an active but non-violent resistance to evil. The boycott saw the rise of King as a civil rights leader and as a spokesman of the modern civil rights movement. However, there were other very significant results of the boycott such as the Browder V. Gayle Supreme Court ruling that proved that the bus segregation ordinance was unconstitutional. Other significant results of the boycott were that it challenged and invalidated many of the Jim Crow laws and that it inspired many other successful boycotts in Southern States. As a result, I believe there were many significant results of the boycott however; I feel I must agree that Martin Luther King was the most significant.

Essays --

My main research question for this paper was : How do Social networking services affect Korean international students’ adaptation to the U.S.? Literature Review Before SNS such as Facebook, launched by Mark Zuckerberg in February 2004, (Carlson, 2010, Par.1) became popular, most Korean international students used internet community services such as Cyworld Mini Home where people post pictures or write an open diary or email services to share his or her daily stories with family or friends living in the home country. However, internet community services are a sort of one-way communication tool, so people need to regularly stop by and log into the community homepages in order to read or leave a message to his or her friends. On the other hand, although email services are a two-way communication tool, it is not easy to contact everyone regularly while studying abroad. Actually, there was no way for Korean international students to maintain close relationship with home country friends and family after going abroad. Moreover, it is even more difficult for adult foreigners to make friends with host country students because each of them may have di fferent cultural background or interest and concerns (Malarcher, 2004). As a result, many Korean international students experience emotional isolation and suffer from high mental stress because of homesickness, new relationship with classmates and cultural differences. For example, I had a chance to study in Omaha, Nebraska for nine months after finishing mandatory military services in 2002. At that time, I was not able to make American friends except for a couple of roommates since I had no chance to meet them privately, but also could not keep in touch with my friends in my homeland, so I ... ...., and Twitter Inc. became public companies, people seem to regard SNS only as a profitable business model. However, the original characteristic of SNS linking people closely is still effective. From that point, I reviewed related literatures and compared them with what I observed during last 6 months at GWU. First, SNS cannot replace face-to face communication, so it has a limited effect to help international students’ adaption to the new environment. Second, since SNS makes international students feel comfortable, if colleges use them as an educational tool to draw active participation of international students, it could work. I conducted this research only based on literature reviews and observations. Therefore, for the following research, I would like to conduct a survey of Korean international students to know how they use SNS to enlarge their human networking.

Pak mulls removing import duy on Indian Tea Essay

Free trade takes place when there are no barriers and no intrusions to trade put by the authority(government and trade organisations). Free trade allows goods and services to flow freely freely from one country to another. The opposite to free trade is Protectionism. There are many protectionism that the government of a particular country can impose on trade. Main types of protectionism: * Tariffs * Subsidies * Quotas * Embargoes The governement of Pakistan has imposed a trade barrier on the import of Tea from India. India tea is under a 10 percent import duty. Some possible reasons for the imposition of Import duty on Tea are given below. * To prevent over specialisation * To raise government revenue * To remove balance of payment deficits Given below is a graph that shows the effect of imposing import duty on the import of Tea. Due to the imposition of import duty the prices for Tea rises from ‘P-world’ to ‘P- import duty’ because of which the Supply curve shifts from ‘S-world’ to ‘S- world+ import duty’ . Therefore there is an overall consumer loss. Areas ‘a’,’b’,’c’ and ‘d’ shows the consumer loss. Area ‘a’ shows the producers gain. Area ‘b’ shows green loss. It is said to be a ‘Green Loss’ because there is inefficiency that is creeping in this area as inefficient domestic producers are now producing this area at a higher price. Area ‘c’ shows the government revenue due the import duty. Area ‘d’ shows the net loss. ‘d’ is not being produced or demanded due to the rise in prices, this shows the net loss towards the consumer. Tea is an ‘important drink in every Pakistani house’ and Pakistan is the second largest importer of Tea. Therefore the demand curve for Tea in Pakistan is very inelastic. The smuggled tea is sold at a low cost but due to the Inelastic demand for Tea, The change in the price of tea should have a realively low change in the demand. However, the article states that Pakistan imports 140 million kg and 20 million kg is smuggled. This shows that 12.5 % of tea is smuggled, which is a very high rate. This indirectly shows that Tea inspite of being very inelastic in demand, a change in price will have a big effect on the demand. Area ‘d’ in the above graph is consumer loss in Trade between India and Pakistan. However, this area is being demanded and supplied throught smuggling and illegal trade. Therefore, Area ‘d’ can also be observed as the government loss of revenue. India and Kenya are the two main countrys supplying Pakistan with tea. Due to the drought in Kenya the prices have increased tremendously. This puts Pakistan in a very infavourable situation. ‘S-world’ takes into account the imported supply of Tea from India and Kenya. Due to the import duty the price shifts from ‘P world’ to ‘P- import duty’ and the supply shifts from ‘S- world’ to ‘S- world+ import duty’. Again due to the drougth the price shifts from ‘P- import duty’ to ‘P1’ and the supply shifts from ‘S- world+ import duty’ to ‘S- world 2’. Due to the very high prices people will stop consuming Tea and move to other alternatives like coffee. Also smuggling of Tea will increase tremendously. The net effect will have a tremedous loss of revenue for the government.

Self-Motivation Essays

Self-Motivation Essays Self-Motivation Essay Self-Motivation Essay Self motivation is paramount to success in life. You must learn how to motivate yourself. In the present situation now, it is difficult to keep our spirits up and high, but knowing the right way to focus on the positive outlook in life, we will be able to achieve our dreams. We need to encourage ourselves to accept opportunity,because if we stop believing and trusting to what we can do in a particular situation, who else will? Why are we striving in life? What makes an individual work hard? I believe,each will respond,because we are all motivated with our goals in life,our aspirations,our dreams,all these give us the reason to stay and accept chances, for chances will always produce positive and fruitful life if it is done with trust,passion,encouragement,and willingness to improve and be successful. People think on the ways on how to make life better. One of these ways is through continued learning. If youre looking at adults going back to school whether in-campus or online,the most successful one are those who are highly motivated. They understand that education is a steppingstone to go far and reach the ladder of success. In order to be motivated,one must be dedicated to achieve the goals which are set as parameters in life. Life is short and there is no way we can fully enjoy it,only if it is taken care of and if we live our life in the best way we can and in the most productive way.

How to Outline a Novel the Master Guide (With Template!)

How to Outline a Novel the Master Guide (With Template!) How to Outline a Novel: an Author's Guide (with Template) Are your eyes tired of staring at a blank Word document? Are you sick of crashing and burning every time you try and start a novel? Well, we have the not-so-secret key to success right here: it involves learning how to outline a novel.Book outlines have saved the neck of many a bestselling writer - but the process behind them is mysterious at best. In this post, we pull back the curtain and show you (step-by-step) how to create a story outline. If you’re looking for some additional inspiration, skip to the appropriate section below to download a book outline template.The argument for outliningDon’t let the naysayers fool you: a story outline is the closest thing to a â€Å"get out of jail free† card in the long game of novel-writing.Time invested in a story outline is foresight gained for your novel. Imagine you’re a rock climber looking up at a tall cliff, for instance. You could just leap onto the rock and see what happens. You might reach the top this way - but there’s a bigger chance that you’ll fall face-first or hit a dead-end along the way. Or: you could stay on the ground a little longer to read the route. This would enable you to climb faster, more fluidly, and with greater confidence in the near future.What is Plot? An Author's Guide to Storytelling Read post Identify the right novel outlineLike we mentioned, there’s no one-size-fit-all for a novel outline. Think of it as a way of organizing your room - everyone tidies up differently.So if you’ve had trouble outlining in the past, you may be dealing with a classic case of square peg meets round hole. Trust that there’s a story outline for every writer: it’s just a question of finding the right one to fit your mindset, personality, and writing style. Here we list a few ways that you can plan a work.ðŸâ€" ºÃ¯ ¸  Mind Map A visual approach to outlining that shows the spatial relationships between your plot points, characters, themes, conflicts, chapters - you name it.📄 Synopsis A holistic story outline that gives a brief overview of the story’s plot, characters, conflicts, and themes in a two- to three-page paper.âš « The Beat Sheet Documents the beats of the story in shorthand. Each individual ‘beat’ gets a bullet (or a number). Examples of beat sheets are here and here.💀 The Skeleton Constructs the spine of the novel, or the key plot points. Imagine a roadmap with only big-name destinations marked in red - the road to get there is up to you.👠¥ Characters First A character-led novel outline. Prioritizes character development, character arcs, and character beats over planning of the plot.âž ¡Ã¯ ¸  Scenes and Sequences Details all the scenes and sequences - in other words, the large set pieces of the novel.When you have an idea of the novel outline that you want to produce, it's time to arm yourself with the right tools to execute it.What kind of writer are you?Let’s head to the armory, where your choice of outlining software will probably depend on your style of writing. We’ve suggested some for you below - though old-fashioned pen and paper work perfectly fine, too.The Gardener In George R. R. Martin’s own words: â€Å"Gardeners dig a hole, drop in a seed, and water it. They kind of know what seed it is. But as the plant comes up and they water it, they don't know how many branches it's going to have. They find out as it grows.†Since this kind of writer engages in organic world-building and character-building, a traditional novel outline probably won’t be a natural fit for them - though a mind map might be useful.🔠¨Ã‚  Tools to consider if you’re a Gardener: Coggle, SimplenoteThe Architect Architects need to plan everything before they can get going. This kind of writer will know how many rooms are going into the house, where the sink’s going to be, and what kind of wallpaper they’re going to use.🔠¨Ã‚  Tools to consider if you’re an Architect: Scrivener, WorkflowyThe Designer Designers are somewhere in-between: they have a pencil sketch in place and like to have a good idea of what the painting will look like. However, they might not yet know what precise colors they’re going to use. They’ll figure that out as they work.Though they might not rely on a strictly detailed novel outline, they may want to sketch out a skeleton of plot points.🔠¨Ã‚  Tools to consider if you’re a Designer: Scrivener, yWriterThe Knitter Knitters sit down and write scenes as they pop into their head. They’ll then go back and â€Å"knit† the sequences together later. Since they might randomly have Scenes 2, 10, 11, and 27 down on paper, it becomes a question of â€Å"filling in the blanks.†To them, a novel outline will be helpful as long as it gives them freedom to move scenes around. (Think notecards or a corkboard.)🔠¨Ã‚  Tools to consider if you’re a Knitter: Trello, yWriterNow that you’re equipped, we can ask the million-dollar question: how do you outline a novel? Are you a Gardener or an Architect when you write? Double-check in this post How to outline a novel in 3 steps To make it easy for yourself, you can break the entire outlining process down into three stages:Step 1: Setting the stageStep 2: Organizing scenesStarting scenesBuilding scenesStep 3: Troubleshooting your story outlineIf you’ve already made progress with your story, don’t hesitate to hop to whichever step you need. How to create a book outline (and more tips) in three easy steps Step 1: Setting the stageWithout groundwork, your scenes (and story) will collapse in on itself. That’s why you first need to set the stage for your novel outline. Pick and structure your story outline based on what you think is key to your storytelling. If you’re writing a story with a huge cast of characters, you may want to include a column that tells you where each character is in every scene. If you’re juggling a lot of subplots and character arcs, use your novel outline to trace that.To give you some inspiration, we created a few different novel outline templates. Feel free to download them for your use and alter them however you need!Book Outline Template #1: A basic story outline that includes all of the common variables.Book Outline Template #2: A plot-oriented story outline that tracks each scene’s relationship with your plots and subplots  (inspired by J.K. Rowling's novel outline).Book Outline Template #3: A simple scene list.Step 3: Troubleshooting your story outlineDon’t worry if your story isn’t perfect yet. That’s one of the magical things about story outlines: it’s designed to let you spot your blind spots ahead of time.To troubleshoot your novel outline, first step back so that you can view your story through fresh eyes. Then bring out your highlighter - and be ready to be as ruthless as a cranky teacher wielding a red pen. Highlight wherever:An idea is left hanging in a sceneTwo scenes need a bridgeA scene is redundant or gratuitousA wild plot hole appearsIf you find yourself struggling while you plan your book, that might indicate an underlying weakness in your story that you’ll want to address. To give you an idea of what we mean, we’ve listed a couple of common symptoms (and potential treatments) below.Your story doesn’t really go anywhere. 💠¡ The problem here may be a weak premise. Consider going back and perfecting it to a T. What’s the story question that will compel readers to flip the pages? (For instance: Is Katniss going to survive the Hunger Games?)Your pacing is uneven throughout the novel outline. 💠¡ Mapping your story directly onto the structure of a story arc is one way to fix awkward scene placement and order. Here’s a free 10-part course on the 3-Act Story Structure if you’d like to learn more about it.You don’t know what should come next. 💠¡ Try to return to your characters to drive the plot. What would they do next if this happened? Where would that then take the story? If this is a persistent problem, it’ll probably be worth it to re-visit the character development phase and hone your understanding of your characters. Here's a free course on character development if you'd like to dive into it.Examples of story outlinesYou didn’t think that you’re the only writer out there who’s outlining, did you? Many bestselling authors depend on story outlines to organize their thoughts and map out their books. Whether it’s J.K. Rowling or Joseph Heller, what’s interesting is how they chose to plan their stories. To see even more examples of book outlines, check out this post over at Flavorwire. Check out J.K. Rowling's book outline for Order of the Phoenix - and more This story outline that James Salters created for Light Years sketches the sequences of the book, with choice character notes and dialogue inserted at random.TEMPLATE:  How to create a novel outline Get a free book outline template! "How to create a story outline in three steps" As a parting gift, here are the three book outline templates again. Feel free to change any particular book outline template to match your needs  - and if you have any suggestions or updates for them, please do feel free to drop us your thoughts in the comments. We hope that they're useful.Book Outline Template #1: A basic story outline that includes all of the common variables.Book Outline Template #2: A plot-oriented story outline that tracks each scene’s relationship with your plots and subplots (inspired by J.K. Rowling's novel outline).Book Outline Template #3: A simple scene list.What kind of writer are you? Are you a Gardener or an Architect? If the former, what process do you use when you're outlining? Let us know in the comments.

English class written assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

English class written assignment - Essay Example That would be the very reason for the challenges and goals I have set for myself, first and foremost, to finish my studies here at __________ University. Despite challenges like financial assistance, work and time management to balance all my activities, I am resolved to finish my course in four years and become a successful ______ in my own right. I know it is going to be a tough fight, but I believe this school will be a great contributor to my success, with its functional library, well trained professors, and other facilities and services offered enabling her students to be well founded in the endeavors they are undertaking. Whatever comes my way, I hope to always have the strength and courage to never quit for the realization of my dreams. As a student, stresses usually come from the demands of school and balancing the time needed in order to complete all tasks set every day. These factors could sometimes be very draining that one can just give up on his undertakings. To gardenin g, I am much grateful because it serves as my outlet for stress. Working the soil makes me appreciate its wonders in giving nourishment to plants. I like planting flowers most because of the beauty they possess that would always enamor most people.

Microhotels Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Microhotels - Research Paper Example The most distinguishing feature of micro-hotels therefore is the small room sizes coupled with the availability of the essential amenities within the space (Muther, 2014). Among the leading global brands of micro-hotels are Yotel, Nepcabs, Sleepbox and minute suites among many others. The above are brands just like any other and therefore engage in intense competition as they strive to grow their market shares. The development of micro-hotels is an avid portrayal of the adaptability of the hospitality industry. The unique type of hotels survives on a substantial market niche that requires a unique set of services from such facilities. The hotels main objective is to provide their customers with sleeping space. They do this by maximizing on the space. However, in order to retain a competitive advantage over the many similar hotels, various micro-hotels have begun expanding the nature of their services and products. Such companies as Yotel pride themselves in the provision of high quality services. The small rooms have warm showers and free Wi-Fi among other vital amenities that enhance the comfort and luxury of a hotel. Micro-hotels are relatively new concept in the hospitality industry. This makes it difficult to determine their position in the industry. However, the rapid nature of their expansion shows that they responded to a need in the society. Yotel for example introduced a new strategy to the business by opening a number of its outlets at some of the leading airports in the world. This way, the micro-hotel taps on a market comprising of travelers seeking to rest as they await their flights. In order to meet the demand of such group of customers, the group of micro-hotels formulated an hourly basis form of payment that enables a customer to rent a room for a couple of hours. Micro-hotels have become increasingly popular in the modern society owing to a number of factors key among which is their relatively low prices

Discuss the interrelationship between the exchange rate regime and Essay

Discuss the interrelationship between the exchange rate regime and viability of the alternative approaches to resolving a balanc - Essay Example Since balance of payments accounts have to be balanced therefore a change in the exchange rate between the domestic and foreign currencies can actually create the balance. In order to re-balance the accounts the overall adjustment in the exchange rate regime of the country can play significant role. Thus equilibrium in balance of payments accounts could be achieved through subsequent adjustment of the exchange rates in the economy. There are however, different approaches underlying the balance of payments and it’s interlinking with the exchange rate regimes. The traditional analyses through IS-LM framework, monetarist approach as well as structural approaches are the key economic analysis frameworks underlying the issue of balance of payments. This paper will therefore attempt to discuss and explore the exchange rate regimes and the viability of the alternative approaches to resolve the balance of payments issues faced by the economies over the period of time. Balance of Payme nts and Exchange Rates Before discussing alternative approaches and their viability in resolving the balance of payment issues, it is critical to discus and set the theoretical foundations of the balance of payments and it’s interlinking with exchange rate regimes. ... The overall purpose is to keep the record of the flow of goods, services and capital moving to and from the country.( Krugman & Obstfeld, 2009) There are two parts of the balance of payments accounts i.e. current and capital account and both sum to zero at the end of period. Current account shows all the trade and factor income includes exports, imports whereas the factor income side includes both the payments and the earnings. The capital account however records the changes in the capital asset base of a country thus the changes in the assets of the country take place when domestic and foreign assets of the country change hands. It is also argued that the major changes in the balance of payments arise due to the changes in the capital account. (Beko ,2003). It is the movement in the capital that potentially explains the changes which take place in the balance of payment as well as the exchange rate of a country. Balance of payments Crisis Balance of payment however, can become a sig nificant issue as at the macroeconomic level, it tends to create important political implications. Balance of payments crisis can emerge when a country is actually unable to pay for its essential imports or cannot service its debt comfortably. This normally occurs owing to the changes in the exchange rate of a country which can register a sharp decline in value during the crisis.( Hallwood & MacDonald, 2000). Apparently such crisis emerge when countries initially experience heavy capital inflows however, after a certain point, considering the overall risk associated with the international debt, investors tend to withdraw their capital in haste thus putting pressure not only on the balance of payments accounts of a country but also on its exchange rate. Capital outflows in

Leadership and Management Essay Example for Free

Leadership and Management Essay Initially I plan on reviewing the prevailing leadership styles in my organisation and then assessing the impact of these on the organisation’s values and performance. In order to assess the leadership styles I have produced a questionnaire (see appendix 1). The questionnaire was designed to find out how directive, participative and permissive each manager in our organisation is and then study the most prevailing style. It was evident from the information collated that the prevailing leadership style in our organisation is participative and directive rather than permissive. On assessing this information it became apparent that our manager’s leadership styles reflect a Contingency theory and they rather be present and take part in services in order to ensure controlled success. Contingency theory is a class of behavioral theories that claim there is no best way to lead a company, or to make decisions. Instead, the best action is contingent (dependent) upon the situation. Several contingency approaches were developed in the1960s. They suggested that previous theories such as Webers bureaucracy and Taylors Scientific Management had failed because they neglected that management style and organisational structure were influenced by various aspects of the environment: known as contingency factors. There could not be one best way for leadership or organisation. Historically, contingency theory has attempted to formulate broad views about formal structures that are typically associated with or best fit the use of different organisations. This perspective originated with the work of Joan Woodward (1958), who argued that skills directly determine differences in such organisational attributes as a span of control, centralisation of authority, and the formalisation of rules and procedures. My Organisation Values and Performance The organisation that I work for delivers a range of high quality services and projects, these services follow the principles of empowering communities, developing lives, furthering equality, diversity and inclusion and strengthening local voluntary sector delivery. These principles dictate the values in which we function. We are very much a voluntary sector, charitable organisation ensuring that at the heart of our services are the people that access them. Performance is measured through a set of service delivery indicators which form the base of our promises to funding bodies, staff, volunteers and customers in everything we do. These indicators are measured via our service development plan. Each year we publish an Annual Report based on our Service Delivery Indicators, which measure our progress and informs the public of our work over the previous year in delivering against our priorities. (See Appendix 2 for our organisations SDI’s) Our organisation values and performance clearly highlight a need for the leadership to be open and receptive. This allows us to except feedback and input from our service users. A directive and participatory leadership style is imposed by managers in our organisation for staff; however when dealing with service users we have to adopt a more directive style to ensure commination is clear and there is no room for bought. We have found in the past when we have given service users who are vulnerable and have mental health difficulties an opportunity to contribute to services they feel empowered, however they need time and guidance in order to make informed decisions. Effectiveness of my Own Leadership Style On assessing my own leadership style I appeared to be more directive, in the middle when it came to participation, however I did not seem to be very permissive. The results did not surprise me and seemed to be consistent with my approach. I tend to direct staff by the use of many models including action plans which are produced in team meeting and each member of staff is allocated actions, timescales, budget and directions. I am participatory when tasks are being carried out I ensure I understand the delivery method and observe when necessary. For example if we are promoting a new group I will ensure all promotion literature is checked by me prior to going out and visit the new group to view session delivery. I do not hide away form front line delivery and ensure I gage with staff, clients and volunteers therefore I understand the reason why on my leadership assessment I did not score highly on being permissive. Therefore I feel my management style suits the organisation. However with the changing nature of our organisation leading towards a more business-like approach I may find I have to review my management style. I may need to become more permissive, less participatory and even more directive. This will ensure I can work more strategically to order to retain services and staff. Changing my approach may be difficult for my staff to accept, however explaining that their jobs may be at risks if I do not manage differently may put it all into perspective. By applying a Contingency theory mentioned earlier I should be able to manage this effectively. I asked my staff to assess my leadership style using the questionnaire I produced and gave to fellow managers (Appendix 1). The results mirrored my self assessment, demonstrating that I understand my own leadership style well and that the staff have the same opinion. Apply Own Leadership Style in Range of Situations Over the last two weeks I have begun to assess my own leadership style in a variety of situations. These have mainly taken the form of meetings. I have chaired a client/volunteer meeting and a full staff meeting. My leadership style tended to change in these situations. I became less formal with the client and volunteer meeting in order to project at their level of understanding. Less detail was presented and less decision making was required. The meeting was more informative and decisions had been made by the staff team prior to the meeting. Feedback and participation was welcomed however it was in a manner in which it could be controlled so as a staff team we could make informed decisions.

Essay example --

AN APPROACH FOR RDF INDEXING AND QUERY PROCESSING February 21, 2014 Rajesh Kannan - 16164021 Prudhvi Nalluri - 16163411 Kranthi Reddy - 12366438 V.Y.V. Akhilesh - 16165666 Overview RDF (Resource Description Framework) is used for describing the resources on the web. It provides structured, machine – understandable metadata for the web. The statements on resources are formed in the form of subject-predicate-object (triples), which can be represented as labeled graphs. SPARQL is the query language for RDF. It provides the standard format and rules for writing and processing queries on RDF data set and the results can be results sets or RDF graphs. The Objective We are provided with the large RDF dataset and will be given a collection of SPARQL queries to fire on the dataset. Our aim is to implement a new approach for query processing and get the results same like getting the result through standard SPARQL query processor. Jena is a framework for java used for semantic web and it’s open source. Main use of Jena is to write the data to and read the data from RDF graph. The main purpose of this project is to design and implement a RDF storage mechanism to store data with good performance and scalability. The Opportunity Many approaches have been proposed to retrieve the data from NoSQL database such as vertical partitioning approach, RDF-3X, Matrix Bit, Bit Mat, etc. We will use vertical partitioning approach because of its performance technique and it was proved to be effective in variety of applications like biomedical data, data warehousing and for taxonomic data. We have lot of NoSQL databases to use such as MongoDB, Cassandra, Hbase, Couchbase, Etc. We are going with Cassandra, which is an open source database and there will be ... ...thms are not mandatory for this approach. Cassandra Pros †¢ Cassandra has all the advantages of the NoSQL. It does not use the relational model, which is required to maintain complex relationships as seen with current relational database systems. †¢ Cassandra is designed to be distributed and scalable, So Cassandra can support massive amount of data spread across multiple servers and also Cassandra is an open source. †¢ Cassandra is decentralized system and also works well in clustered and cloud environment. Bibliography †¢ http://blog.datagraph.org/2010/04/transmuting-ntriples †¢ http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/tutorial/install-mongodb-on-windows/ †¢ http://www.codeproject.com/Articles/279947/Migration-of-Relational-Data-structure-to-Cassandr †¢ http://answers.semanticweb.com/questions/716/storing-rdf-data-into-hbase †¢ http://cs-www.cs.yale.edu/homes/dna/abadirdf.pdf

Themes of Arthur Millers The Crucible :: Essay on The Crucible

Arthur Miller's The Crucible A group of teenage girls were secretly dancing in the woods with a black slave, named Tituba. When they were discovered of what they were doing, the girls started accusing certain individuals in the village of dealing with witchcraft. Within a blink of an eye, the entire village is controlled by a devil that exists within the fear of each person. A drama of suspense and impact, Arthur Miller's The Crucible, explores through the individuals' vengeance, fear, reputation, and quest for power. Vengeance is the main theme of The Crucible. The people of the town of Salem were not united, but instead, distrusted and disliked each other. During the court trials, the girls started accusing certain people that they didn't like of dealing with witchcraft. For example, Abigail Williams couldn't forget John Proctor even though their affair was over. She believed that if his wife, Elizabeth Proctor, was out of the way, Abigail and John would be together again. Therefore, she told everyone that Elizabeth's spirit was trying to kill her and accused Elizabeth of being a witch. Fear also played an important role in The Crucible. The girls were afraid of being accused as witches themselves, so they started accusing other people in the town of being witches. Moreover, many people who were accused of being witches confessed to being witches because they were scared of death. People who confessed to witchcraft and dealing with the devil only stayed in the jail for a short time while others who refused to give in were hanged. Towards the end of the play, Abigail and Mercy ran away with huge amounts of money because they were afraid that if the authorities found out that they were lying they would be punished severely. The theme of reputation and quest for people is also portrayed clearly in The Crucible. In the old days, children were considered unimportant. They weren't allowed to speak until given permission to, and they didn't make important decisions at all. However, during the witch court trials, Abigail and other girls had the power to say who was innocent and who was guilty. Probably, for the first time in their lives, they had power over Salem and they wanted to maintain it. Moreover, the authorities of Salem were afraid of losing authorities and power. For example, the judges, Governor Danforth and Ezekiel Cheever didn't want to admit that they were being fooled by a bunch of girls so they insisted that witchcraft existed in the town of Salem.

Aviation Professionalism

Aviation Professionalism The Qualifications, Attributes, Ethics, and Responsibilities of Aviation Professionals Yadvinder Singh ASCI – 202 Anthony Miller March 7, 2013 Once someone joins the Airlines industry as a professional, be it a pilot, a technician, or an air traffic controller, they are committing to a certain level of responsibility and expectation. In my experience I have come across professionals who I have felt suited their role to near perfection while others in the same position at times fall short of basic expectations.The issue of professionalism and responsibility in the airline industry has been in focus recently due to some recent events like the Northwest pilots flying past their destination airport, in-flight breakdowns and rants by pilots and flight attendants, and airline mergers. I feel that sometimes media speculation exaggerates the issues presented to society and highlights mistakes where the public gets the impression that these types of incidents a nd errors are taking place daily.The reality is that safety measures are an integral part of an airline worker’s training and major errors or incidents occur rather infrequently. At the same time, another reality is that a mistake made by an airline employee, whether pilot, technician, or air traffic controller runs the risk of being fatal and this is where the attributes and ethics of an individual come into play. Pilots are required to complete extensive training and log thousands of hours of flight time before they can land a job with the major carriers, soI feel the qualifications alone can be met by many but perhaps there needs to be some sort of training or measure of ethical behavior of an individual because that can help determine how they will treat the level of responsibility associated with their job. Most flights complete their course without incident and this can naturally cause someone to relax their mind or reflexes a little, but no flight should be treated wit h any negligence whatsoever. The incident with the Northwest flight (NY Times 2009) crew is an ideal example of this.The pilots had a combined flying experience of over 30,000 hours, yet they committed an error that resulted in a major embarrassment and which could have cost lives. The main cause cited for this blunder is that the pilots were distracted during flight because they were engaged in personal matters on their laptops, which is a violation of airline safety guidelines. Is the root reason for this incident just poor judgment and misbehavior of the pilots or perhaps not enough emphasis on responsibility in their training?The hundreds of hours of flight time required to be a pilot come with a hefty price, so anyone who is a pilot has surely proven their passion and persistence for flying. However, it’s a wonder that this same dedication doesn’t follow through for some once they’ve landed a job with a major carrier and I think it may be because the path i s often so strenuous that getting a job itself is treated as the goal, when it actually is a stepping stone to really being a pilot. Air traffic controllers have also been in the news recently with incidents of suspicion that they are distracted and even sleeping on the job (USA Today, 2011).Here is a profession where mistakes are simply not allowed because the repercussions can very likely be fatal. I think there has to be a close monitoring of on the job behavior because the job itself runs the risk of complacency. It’s important to note that fatal incidents have been few and far between, but the risk is still great enough to warrant better oversight. A person who works as an air traffic controller needs to be one who is naturally very focused and detail oriented because the rules, the risks, the guidelines and need to be responsible and focused can be taught, but ultimately, this is behavior they have to showcase.Technicians are a group of people I’ve had several ye ars of close working experience with as both a former technician and in my current role of Inspector. Unfortunately, the current crop of technicians are a group I find to be well intentioned, but without enough working experience as they’re often straight out of high school. This doesn’t mean they don’t possess the necessary attributes or approach to be successful and responsible technicians, because these are often the deciding factors but I think there needs to be more training and understanding of the great deal of responsibility they are taking on as technicians.Professionalism to me is a good mix of knowledge, a candid commitment to ones job, the disciplined passion, and the ability to make proper but sound judgments. To put it into simple terms Professionalism simply means doing the right thing, even when you have had a long day and also when you are not in some spotlight. Whether you are a pilot, a technician, or an air traffic controller or any employee in the aviation profession these attributes or qualities have to be considered in taking the professional approach in today’s aviation profession.Works Cited Matthew L. Wald (2009, Oct 26). Off-Course Pilots Cite Computer Distraction. NY Times. Retrieved October 26, 2002 from http://www. nytimes. com/2009/10/27/us/27plane. html? _r=0 Alan Levin (2011, Apr 21). Recent air controller incidents no signs of crisis, experts say. Us Today. Retrieved April 21, 2011 from http://travel. usatoday. com/flights/story/2011/04/Recent-air-controller-incidents-no-sign-of-crisis-experts-say/46338056/1

9 Sample Excellent Recommendation Letters for Your Job

9 Sample Excellent Recommendation Letters for Your Job SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Anyone who’s applied for a job knows how important recommendation letters can be to getting hired. While you've probably asked for a reference letter in the past, you may be less familiar with writing one. If someone asks you for a reference, how can you produce a greatletter that will help your employee, colleague, or friend get hired? To help you through the writing process, we’re providing nine samples of effective letters of recommendation (scroll down to skip to the samples!). By reading through these examples, you’ll gain a clear understanding of how to structure your own letters. Before getting to the free recommendation letter samples, let’s briefly review the role that referenceletters play in the hiring process. Why are they important, and what makes some stand out over others? Why Are Recommendation Letters Important? Many employers request recommendation letters to help them decide who to hire or internally promote. Throughout the hiring process, the applicant strives to present herself in the best light. Beyond the interview and resume, hiring managers look to recommendation letters to confirm the candidate’s qualifications and to gain insight from an outside party. The hiring manager wants to know what experiences the candidate will bring to the new role, how she’ll contribute to the company or organization, and how she’ll behave in the day-to-day. Recommendation letters can point to a candidate’s future performance by talking about her past achievements. Reference letters can also shed light on what it’s like to manage, work with, or, in the case of a character reference, be friends with the person under consideration. Theycomplement the candidate’s story and suggest what she’ll bring to the table in her next job. If you get asked to write a letter for someone, it’s safe to assume you want to do a good job. Helping someone get hired is not just a satisfying good deed, but it’s also good professional karma! So how can you turn those good intentions into a stand-out employee letter of recommendation? Each letter will, of course, be different, but good letters share certain key features. Read on to learn about three important characteristics of strong reference letters. Your recommendation letter's not the time to be cagey about your identity! The hiring manager wants to know who you are and why you're qualified to recommend the applicant. What Makes a Recommendation Letter Stand Out? 3Key Features Strong letters give positive descriptions of a candidate’s skills in a concise and powerful way. Beyond using language that's clear and error-free, what elements should your recommendation letter include to be effective? As you write your letter, make sure it does the following: #1: Explains Why You’re Qualified to Recommend the Candidate In order to hold weight, a recommendation letter should come from a reputable source. If an employer wants a professional reference, then the writer of that letter probably worked with the candidate in a supervisory capacity. Some employers will also be interested in letters from a colleague or, occasionally, a friend, neighbor, or family member. Most letters, though, will be written by a supervisor, manager, or boss of some sort. In the first paragraph, you should explain who you are and how you know the candidate. How long did you work with her and in what capacity? By explaining your relationship, you show that you’re qualified to give an honest assessment. If someone who feels like a relative stranger asks you to write a letter, you might consider declining or recommending someone else to write it. If you didn’t get to know the candidate’s work performance or only did so in a way completely unrelated to the new position, then you might not be able to provide a helpful letter of recommendation from employer to employee. The best letters are written by people who can speak to the candidate’s skills and accomplishments. Make sure to state clearly in the beginning of your letter who you are and why your opinion matters. #2: Customized to the New Position While you should speak to the candidate’s accomplishments in her past role, you should also show why she’d make a good fit in the next one. Even if the candidate’s making a career change, you can explain why she’ll be able to do well in the new industry. Here’s where open communication with the applicant is important. She should share the job description so you have a clear understanding of the position’s requirements. As the writer, you’re not expected to do much research on the new job. The candidate should provide you with everything you need to know to customize your letter. By drawing on this information, you can express confidence that the candidate will succeed in the new role. Then when the hiring manager reads your letter, she’ll feel reassured that the candidate would make a good fit. #3: Uses Specific Examples and Anecdotes Finally, and perhaps most importantly, your letter should provide specific examples about the candidate. Don’t just list adjectives like, â€Å"friendly, intelligent, and hard-working†; instead, present circumstances in which the candidate demonstrated those qualities. To borrow a favorite phrase of English teachers, â€Å"show, don’t just tell.† Not only will examples point to the value the candidate brought to your organization or company, but they’ll also paint a picture of how she works in day-to-day operations. Using two to three specific anecdotes in your letter will boost its level of persuasiveness. It will also sidestep a common rec letter trap: becoming a generic list of cliches. Just as you should only write a recommendation letter if you feel qualified to assess the candidate, you should also only write it if you can provide a great one. While you don’t want to go over the top and sound insincere, your letter should be a strongly positive endorsement. Want to provide a strong recommendation for your employee, but don't have the time to craft the perfect letter? PrepScholar's new recommendation tool, SimpleRec, takes you from good intentions and a blank page to a fully written and formatted letter of recommendation in under 5 minutes. All you need to do is give us some simple pieces of information about your employee and your experience working with them, and we'll do the rest. Try out SimpleRec risk-free today: Sample Recommendation Letters As you read through the nine free job recommendation letters below, notice how they all share the three key features described above, even though they differ in terms of their source and target audience. Below are nine sample recommendation letters, each followed by an analysis of what it does well! Sample Recommendation Letter 1: Written by a Direct Manager for a Full-Time Employee Sample Recommendation Letter 2: Written by a Principal for a Teacher Sample Recommendation Letter 3: Written by a Direct Manager for a Part-Time Employee Sample Recommendation Letter 4: Written by a Manager for a RemoteWorker Sample Recommendation Letter 5: Written by aSupervisor for an Internal Promotion Sample Recommendation Letter 6: Written by aSupervisor for a Student Intern Sample Recommendation Letter 7: Written by a Coworker Sample Recommendation Letter 8: Written by a Professor for a Former Student Sample Recommendation Letter 9: Written by a Friend as a Character Reference After checking out the above samples of recommendation letters, read on for some final thoughts onhow to write an excellent letter of recommendation for an employee, coworker, or friend. Now that you've got all the building blocks, you can put them together into a powerful letter of recommendation! Writing Strong Letters of Recommendation: Final Thoughts While the above samples of recommendation letters will help guide you through the letter writing process, they can’t look exactly like your final product. Writing a letter is a significant undertaking, as it requires you to customize your words to the candidate and make your letter unique. Even though the specifics will vary, strong letters of recommendation do have certain features in common.Each letter should... Use an Official Format The sample letters show the proper format for a recommendation letter. They have the employer’s name, position, company, and company’s address at the top. To give one example, here's the header for recommendation letter sample #1: Ms. Greta JohanssenSales ManagerStreambase Corp.66 Western BoulevardSanta Fe, New Mexico 87500 You should also use official letterhead that has your name and contact information across the top, in whatever way you've chosen to present it. Each letter is addressed to a specific person, a greeting that’s more personal than, â€Å"Dear Hiring Manager.† Typically, paragraphs are single-spaced with a double space in between each one. Finally, every letter concludes with an invitation to contact the writer for any further information. Then the writer may include her position, company, phone number, and email below her name. Start with a Strong Opener The strongest letters start out with an immediate statement of support. They might say, â€Å"It’s my honor,† â€Å"It’s my pleasure,† or â€Å"I’m very pleased to provide this letter of recommendation for Joe.† Stating the obvious with a sentence like, â€Å"I’m writing to recommend Joe,† looks weak beside a more enthusiastic opener. In the first paragraph, explain who you are and why you’re qualified to recommend the candidate. Write a line or two of praise about her professional and personal strengths, perhaps with a summary of the main points you’ll present in the rest of the letter. Include Two to Three Specific Examples As mentioned above, strong letters typically include two to three body paragraphs with specific anecdotes about the candidate. They don’t just describe the applicant’s great qualities and accomplishments; they give examples and prove to her prospective employer that she’s made achievements in the past that predict future success. You might talk about a project or responsibility of the applicant or the value she’s brought to your company. Consider relevant qualities like flexibility, initiative, leadership, growth, collaboration, interpersonal skills, and/or ability to perform within a certain environment or culture. To Sum Up... Depending on your relationship with the candidate, you might focus more on her work performance or personal character in your recommendation letter. An employer will focus more heavily on professional skills while a coworker may add personal qualities. A friend or neighbor providing a character reference would produce the most personal letter. It falls upon the candidate to choose her recommenders wisely and to share any relevant information about the prospective position to help them write the best letter they can. As long as you incorporate the key features discussed above and take the time to make your letter positive and specific, you’ll provide a strong recommendation letter that will help your employee, colleague, or friend get hired. And who knows - perhaps in a year or two, she’ll be writing a recommendation letter for you! What's Next? Are you tasked with writing a recommendation letter for a student applying to college? If so, check out these samples of recommendation letters from teachers and counselors, along with additional writing tips and a thorough recommendation letter template! 4 Amazing Samples of Recommendation Letters from Teachers Should You Move to a State with No Income Taxes 3 Examples of Excellent Recommendation Letters from Counselors Complete Guide: Writing a Strong Letter of Recommendation Unsecured Credit Cards for Those with Bad Credit A Great College Recommendation Letter Template Want to provide a strong recommendation for your employee, but don't have the time to craft the perfect letter? PrepScholar's new recommendation tool, SimpleRec, takes you from good intentions and a blank page to a fully written and formatted letter of recommendation in under 5 minutes. All you need to do is give us some simple pieces of information about your employee and your experience working with them, and we'll do the rest. Try out SimpleRec risk-free today: